History Syllabus:
Paper 1:
Option B: The 20th century, International Relations since 1919
Paper 1 (2 hours) will consist of two sections.
Section A (Core Content) will contain eight questions, four on the 19th century Core and four on
the 20th century Core. Candidates must answer two questions.
Section B (Depth Studies) will contain two questions on each of the Depth Studies. Candidates
must answer one question.
[Note: three questions will be set on Depth Study E, Southern Africa].
All questions on Paper 1 will be structured into three parts and will be based on stimulus material.
1 Were the Peace Treaties of 1919-23 fair?
Focus Points
What were the motives and aims of the Big Three at Versailles?
Why did all the victors not get everything they wanted?
What was the impact of the peace treaty on Germany up to 1923?
Could the treaties be justified at the time?
Specified Content
The peace treaties of 1919-23: the roles of individuals such as Wilson, Clemenceau and Lloyd George in the peacemaking process, the impact of the treaties on the defeated countries, contemporary opinions about the treaties.
2 To what extent was the League of Nations a success?
Focus Points
How successful was the League in the 1920s?
How far did weaknesses in the League's organisation make failure inevitable?
How far did the Depression make the work of the League more difficult?
How successful was the League in the 1930s?
Specified Content
The League of Nations: strengths and weaknesses in its structure and organisation, successes and failures in peacekeeping during the 1920s, the impact of the World
Depression on the work of the League after 1929, the failures of the League in the 1930s, including Manchuria and Abyssinia.
3 Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?
Focus Points
What were the long-term consequences of the peace treaties of 1919-23?
What were the consequences of the failures of the League in the 1930s?
How far was Hitler's foreign policy to blame for the outbreak of war in 1939?
Was the policy of appeasement justified?
How important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany in September 1939?
Specified Content
The collapse of international order in the 1930s: the increasing militarism of Germany, Italy and Japan; Hitler's foreign policy to 1939: the Saar, remilitarisation of the Rhineland, involvement in the Spanish Civil War, Anschluss with Austria, appeasement, crises overCzechoslovakia and Poland, the outbreak of war.
4 Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Focus Points
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
Who was the more to blame for starting the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Specified Content
The origins of the Cold War: the 1945 summit conferences and the breakdown of the USA-USSR alliance in 1945-6; Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe to 1948, and American reactions to it; occupation of Germany and the Berlin Blockade.
5 How effectively did the USA contain the spread of Communism?
Focus Points
This Key Question will be explored through case studies of the following:
America and events in Cuba, 1959-62;
American involvement in Vietnam.
Specified Content
Events of the Cold War: case studies of American reactions to the Cuban revolution, including the missile crisis and its aftermath, and American involvement in the Vietnam War.
6 How secure was the USSR's control over Eastern Europe, 1948-c.1989?
Focus Points
Why was there opposition to Soviet control in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, and how did the USSR react to this opposition?
How similar were events in Hungary in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in 1968?
Why was the Berlin Wall built in 1961?
What was the significance of 'Solidarity' in Poland for the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe?
How far was Gorbachev personally responsible for the collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe?
Specified Content
Soviet power in Eastern Europe: resistance to Soviet power in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968); the Berlin Wall; 'Solidarity' in Poland; Gorbachev and the collapse of the Soviet Empire.
7 How effective has the United Nations Organisation been?
Focus Points
What are the functions of the UNO?
How far has the organisation of the UNO hindered its effectiveness?
Case studies of the UNO in action: the Korean War and the Congo.
Specified Content
The aims of the UNO, the organisation of the UNO, its agencies and their work.
The implications of the growth of membership: admission of developing nations and China. Case studies on the work of the UNO in Korea (1950-3) and in the Congo (1960-3)*************************************************************************************
History Paper 2 (2 hours)
This paper will have two options: a 19th-century topic and a 20th-century topic. Candidates answer the questions on one option.
The topics will be prescribed each year and will be taken from the Core Content. Each option will include a collection of source material relating to the prescribed topic, and a series of questions based on the material.
For the examination in the year 2010 the topic for Indus International School, Bangalore students will be:
20th century core: The decline and collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe.
(May/June examination)
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History Paper 4, Alternative to Coursework (1 hour).
On each of the Depth Studies one question will be set. It will be source-based and will be structured into several parts. It will test all the Assessment Objectives. Candidates must answer one question.
Depth Study A: Germany, 1918-45
1 Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?
Focus Points
How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of the First World War?
What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?
To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?
What were the achievements of the Weimar period?
2 Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?
Focus Points
What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s?
Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?
Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor by 1933?
How did Hitler consolidate his power in 1933-4?
3(a) The Nazi regime: how effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 1933-45?
Focus Points
How much opposition was there to the Nazi regime?
How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents?
How did the Nazis use culture and the mass media to control the people?
Why did the Nazis persecute many groups in German society?
Was Nazi Germany a totalitarian state?
(b) The Nazi regime: what was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
Focus Points
How did young people react to the Nazi regime?
How successful were Nazi policies towards women and the family?
Did most people in Germany benefit from Nazi rule?
How did the coming of war change life in Nazi Germany?
Specified Content
The Revolution of 1918 and the establishment of the Republic. The Versailles settlement and German reactions to it. The Weimar constitution, main political divisions, the role of the army. Political disorder, 1919-23; economic crises and hyper-inflation; the occupation of the Ruhr.The Stresemann era. Cultural achievements of the Weimar period.The early years of the Nazi Party: Nazi ideas and methods, the Munich Putsch, the roles of Hitler and other Nazi leaders. The impact of the Depression on Germany: political, economic and social
crisis of 1930-3, reasons for the Nazis' rise to power, Hitler takes power, the Reichstag Fire and the election of 1933.
Nazi rule in Germany: the Enabling Act, the Night of the Long Knives, the death of Hindenburg,removal of opposition, methods of control and repression, use of culture and the mass media.Economic policy including rearmament. Different experiences of Nazi rule: women and young people, anti-Semitism, persecution of minorities. Opposition to Nazi rule.
Impact of the Second World War on Germany: conversion to war economy, the Final Solution.
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